honorary degree（谁知道关于霍金的评价（要英文的） 急用!!!）

谁知道关于霍金的评价（要英文的） 急用!!!

About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents’ house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father’s old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science. Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton. Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science. His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays. Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，1942年1月8日出生，曾先后毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学三一学院，并获剑桥大学哲学博士学位。在大学学习后期，开始患“肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症”（运动神经元疾病），半身不遂。他克服身患残疾的种种困难，于1965年进入剑桥大学冈维尔和凯厄斯学院任研究员。这个时期，他在研究宇宙起源问题上，创立了宇宙之始是“无限密度的一点”的著名理论。1969年起任冈维尔和凯厄斯学院科学杰出成就研究员。1972－1975年先后在剑桥大学天文研究所、应用数学和理论物理学部进行研究工作，1975－1977年任重力物理学高级讲师，1977－1979年任教授，1979年起任卢卡斯讲座数学教授。其间，1974年当选为皇家学会最年轻的会员。1974－1975年为美国加利福尼亚理工学院费尔柴尔德讲座功勋学者。1978年获世界理论物理研究的最高奖爱因斯坦奖。霍金的成名始于对黑洞的研究成果。在爱因斯坦之后融合了20世纪另一个伟大理论——量子理论，他认为，宇宙是有限的，但无法找到边际，这如同地球表面有限但无法找到边际一样；时间也是有开始的，大约始于150亿到200亿年前。1988年获沃尔夫物理学奖。

award有什么含义

award指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经评定后正式授予的奖励；prize指确认某人在竞赛中所获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励，也含有优胜者几经拼搏、胜利来之不易的意思。The young man won the first award of 1000 yuan in the singing competition. 

翻译：这个年轻人在歌唱比赛中获得了1000元的奖金。

例句：The child smiled at his teacher as he received the award.

翻译：孩子接过奖品时朝老师微笑着。

短语

1、award a free kick 裁定罚任意球

2、award a medal to sb 授予某人奖章

3、award a prize for research 授予研究奖

4、award an honorary degree 授予荣誉学位

What is “Honorary Doctor of Letters degree“

• 文学博士荣誉学位梅兰芳曾于1930年率团赴美演出获得巨大成功，被美国波莫纳大学和南加利福尼亚大学授予此学位。

• ???其实我也不大明白......信件中提起的有名誉的医生??好像不太对```嘿嘿~!?

honorary是什么意思

honorary的意思：用作名词译为“名誉学位；获名誉学位者；名誉团体”；用作形容词译为“荣誉的；名誉的；道义上的”。

短语搭配：honorary degree 名誉学位 ; 荣誉学位 ; 誉学士学位。Honorary Member 荣誉会员 ; 法国美食协会荣誉徽章 ; 名誉会员 ; 名誉消防队员。honorary doctorate 名誉博士 ; 荣誉博士 ; 涉外博士 ; 誉博士学位。

例句：An honorary degree was conferred on him by Oxford University in 2001. 牛津大学于2001年授予他荣誉学位。

He will be awarded the honorary degree in a ceremony at Newcastle University. 他将在纽卡斯尔大学的一个仪式上获授荣誉学位。

Honorary degree Ministry of Education not approbatory. 荣誉学位教育部不承认的。Tea culture model of the honorary title. 茶文化典范的荣誉称号。

海伦凯勒 简介

海伦·凯勒（Helen Keller）(1880年6月27日-1968年6月1日)，是美国盲聋哑女作家和残障教育家。1880年6月27日出生于亚拉巴马州北部一个叫塔斯喀姆比亚的城镇。她在19个月的时候因猩红热夺去了她的视力和听力，接着，她又丧失了语言表达能力。然而就在这黑暗而又寂寞的世界里，她因为她的导师安妮·沙利文(Anne Sullivan)的努力，使她学会读书和说话，并开始和其他人沟通。而且以优异的成绩毕业于美国拉德克利夫学院，成为一个学识渊博，掌握英、法、德、拉丁、希腊五种文字的著名作家和教育家。她走遍美国和世界各地，为盲人学校募集资金，把自己的一生献给了盲人福利和教育事业。她赢得了世界各国人民的赞扬，并得到许多国家政府的嘉奖。主要作品有《假如给我三天光明》、《我的生活》、《我的老师》等。海伦·凯勒一生一共写了14部著作。 Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama on June 27, 1880. Her infancy was normal until, at a year and a half of age, she contracted meningitis. The disease rendered her both deaf and blind. The next years were hellish for her family, as they knew of no way to reach through her double disabilities to communicate with her. As for herself, she was imprisoned in her body, and lonely, unable to make her needs and desires known. Alexander Graham Bell was not just the inventor of the telephone. He was also a teacher of the deaf. Keller’s family contacted him and when he met her he sensed her innate intelligence. He suggested that the family hire a young woman named Anne Sullivan to tutor the young Helen. The family was well off and able to afford this tutoring for their child, so they contacted Miss Sullivan. Anne Sullivan was herself partially blind. She had studied at the Perkin’s Institute for the Deaf and Blind in Boston, and at the age of 21 hired on to live with the Keller family and work with Helen. Sullivan devised a method of making hand signs that Keller could understand by pressing her hand, making the signs, into Keller’s palm. By this method the young girl was able to learn to communicate brilliantly. By her eighth birthday she was well known, and her fame would grow throughout her life. Mark Twain befriended her and called her The Miracle Worker. Helen Keller went to Ratcliffe College, and by means of Sullivan spelling out lectures into her palms, she obtained a degree. During her years at school, encouraged by the Ladies’ Home Journal magazine, she wrote her autobiography, entitled, The Story Of My Life, in order to answer the endless curiosity of people across the globe. She even learned to speak by pressing her fingers against Sullivan’s throat and imitating the vibrations. She was the first deaf and blind person to graduate from college, and she did so Cum Laude. Throughout her life she would meet many famous people and have many experiences. She met with every President who served in her lifetime. She even had the experience of enjoying music, thanks to the violin and talent of Jascha Heifetz, a prominent 20th century violinist. By feeling the violin’s vibrations she could tell which composer’s music was being played. She also danced in Martha Graham’s studio by feeling the vibrations of the music. She spent much of her life on the lecture circuit with her teacher and companion, Anne Sullivan. Sullivan briefly married, but divorced and return to work with Keller. Keller became a champion for the blind, published numerous books throughout her lifetime, and participated in speaking out against such things as child labor and capital punishment. The Gold Medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences was conferred upon her in 1952. In 1953 she was honored at the Sorbonne in Paris, France’s highest honor. In 1955 she won an Academy Award for her documentary, "Helen Keller In Her Story" and received an honorary degree from Harvard. In 1964 she was given the United States’ highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Helen Keller died at the age of eighty-eight on June 1, 1968. Her legacy lives on as Foundations and Institutes are formed to continue the work of putting an end to blindness. The Helen Keller Prize is awarded to those who focus the attention of the public on the matter of vision research.

H A Hauptman中文是 豪普特曼，获1985年诺贝尔化学奖，我想知道这个人的一切，生平背景，有关他的一些趣事

　　姓名：豪普特曼（Gerhart Hauptmann）　　性别：男　　出生年月：1862-1946　　国籍：德国　　所获奖项：1912年诺贝尔文学奖　　戈哈特·豪普特曼（Gerhart Hauptmann，1862-1946）德国剧作家、诗人。生于德国西里西亚中部的萨兹布隆。祖父是织工，父亲是旅店老板，哥哥卡尔·豪普特曼是著名的诗人。戈哈特·豪普特曼早年学过雕塑，后接受自然主义诗潮影响开始文学创作。由于受列夫·托尔斯泰和易卜生的影响，他并不拘泥于自然主义的文学主张，小说诗歌文学作品带有明显的现实主义倾向。成名剧作《日出之前》（1889）首演成功，他又转入写实主义，接连发表了《织工》（1892）、《獭皮》（1893）和《弗洛里安·盖尔》（1896）等现实主义剧作。其中《织工》被看作是德国戏剧发展史上的里程碑，作者由此播全欧。　　1894年，梦幻剧《翰奈尔升天》的发表，标志着作家的创作又发生了转折，开始走向象征主义，并成为德国戏剧界新浪漫主义的代表。这一时期的重要剧作《沉钟》，为作家赢得了世界性声誉。此外还有《可怜的亨利希》（1902）、《碧芭在跳舞》（1906）等。但就在此期间，作家也写过反映现实生活的社会剧《车夫亨舍尔》（1998）、《罗泽·伯恩德》（1903）和悲剧《大老鼠》（1911）等。在他的65个创作春秋中，总共为后世留下47个剧本，5首的文叙事诗，21首散文诗，还有一些小说，其中长篇小说《信奉基督的愚人：伊曼纽·曼特》（1910）被评论界认为是探求基督教及其创建人的登峰之作。　　影响豪普特曼终生创作的是希腊哲学家柏拉图和赫拉克利特，文学家莎士比亚的歌德，以及古希腊小说诗歌文学作品和基督教圣经。他在吸收自然主义、新浪漫主义、超现实主义等创作手法的同时，又对印度宗教、《可兰经》以及中国的老子作了透彻的研究。他把书籍的各种思想和文体熔为一炉，因此在德国以及世界文学史的坐标上很难确定他的准确位置。用纪德的话说，“他懂得不断更新自己”。　　豪普特曼杰出的创作，使他生前获得国内外的众多荣誉和奖励，仅维也纳皇家学院第三次颁发给他格瑞帕泽奖。1912年，由于“他在戏剧艺术领域中丰硕、多样而又出色的成就”，获得诺贝尔文学奖。　　剧作：《日出之前》、《织工》、《獭皮》、《弗洛里安·盖尔》、《沉钟》、《可怜的亨利希》、《碧芭在跳舞》、《车夫亨舍尔》、《大老鼠》等　　中长篇小说：《信奉基督的愚人：伊曼纽·曼特》

honourary和honourable区别

honourary和honourable拼写有误，应该是想比较honorary和honourable的区别，这两个词的区别我懂，Honorary侧重于个人所获得的荣誉，通常是由某个组织或团体授予的奖项或称号。而Honourable则侧重于人的品质和行为，并且与社会文化和道德准则有关。给大家简单总结了两个词的含义、发音以及用法，先大概的了解一下~~

接下来让我们看下honorary和honourable的其他区别：

1. Honorary用于表示名誉上的荣誉，通常是因为某种贡献或者地位而被授予的称号或者称号中的某一部分。而Honourable则代表有荣誉心和高贵的行为，通常是因为自然、道德或者职业上的优秀表现而被认可和尊重。

例句：

- He was awarded an honorary doctorate in recognition for his contributions to the field of science. 

因为他在科学领域的贡献，他被授予了荣誉博士学位。

- He is an honourable man who always puts the needs of others before his own. 

他是一个有荣誉感的人，总是把别人的需求放在自己之前。

2. Honorary通常用于表示被授予某种荣誉称号，非常正式且庄重地传达某种特殊的荣誉。而Honourable则用来描述某人的品行和行为，在一定程度上也可以表示荣誉。

例句：

- She was made an honorary citizen of the city for her contributions to society. 

因为她在社会上的贡献，她被授予了该城市的荣誉市民称号。

- It was an honourable decision to step down as CEO when the company was embroiled in scandal. 

当公司卷入丑闻时辞去CEO职位是一个高尚的决定。

3. Honorary表示的荣誉通常与某个特定的活动、职业或社会活动有关，而Honourable则强调的是人的品质和行为。前者更具有仪式感，而后者则更加实际。

例句：

- The renowned author was awarded an honorary degree in literature from the prestigious university. 

这位著名作家被授予了该著名大学颁发的文学荣誉学位。

- Despite the tough competition, the honourable athlete refused to cheat during the race. 

尽管竞争十分激烈，这位有荣誉感的运动员在比赛中拒绝了作弊。

4. Honorary用来描述在特殊情况下的特殊荣誉，通常是个人所获得的荣誉。而Honourable则强调的是一个人在工作、生活和社会方面都具备良好的品质和道德准则。

例句：

- The businessman was given the honorary title of goodwill ambassador for his significant contributions to international trade. 

由于他在国际贸易方面做出了显著的贡献，这位商人被授予了“亲善大使”的荣誉称号。

- He is an honourable person who always follows the rules and sets a good example for others. 

他是一个有荣誉感的人，总是遵守规则，并为别人树立了榜样。

5. Honorary侧重于个人所获得的荣誉，通常是由某个组织或团体授予的奖项或称号。而Honourable则侧重于人的品质和行为，并且与社会文化和道德准则有关。

例句：

- The famous actor was awarded an honorary Oscar for his outstanding contribution to the film industry. 

这个著名演员因在电影产业中做出的杰出贡献而被授予名誉奥斯卡奖。

- The honourable judge always upholds the law and treats everyone equally in the courtroom. 

这位有荣誉感的法官总是维护法律，并在法庭上公平对待每个人。

格拉斯哥大学 merit是多少分

70分以上。70分或以上是1st class，相当于GPA 3.5-3.7以上。60-70是2：1（upper second class），相当GPA 3.2-3.5左右。50-60是2：2（lower second class），40-50是3rd class，不好说换成GPA是多少。30-40分是Pass，但注意的是，只有3rd或以上的，才是荣誉学位，Honorary degree。如果是Pass的话，只是Ordinary degree，相当中国的结业证吧，而Hons的就是毕业证。